![]() ![]() Deletion mutations that remove these two genes and another nearby gene called NDP have also been found. Deletion mutations that remove both the MAOA gene and the nearby MAOB gene have been found in individuals with severely delayed development of mental and motor skills, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and repetitive hand movements. Some of these genetic changes remove pieces of DNA (deletion mutations) that include the MAOA gene. Genetic changes that affect the MAOA gene have been linked to multiple disorders. Researchers suspect that a buildup of tyramine can contribute to the problems associated with the condition, which may be why foods high in this molecule can worsen symptoms. Some studies suggest that reduced monoamine oxidase A activity alters development of certain regions of the brain, which may contribute to intellectual disability and behavioral problems in people with monoamine oxidase A deficiency. Researchers speculate that an excess of certain neurotransmitters, particularly serotonin and norepinephrine, may impair an affected individual's ability to control his impulses, leading to aggressive outbursts. It is unclear how this buildup leads to the signs and symptoms of monoamine oxidase A deficiency. The MAOA gene mutations reduce monoamine oxidase A activity, which causes serotonin and other neurotransmitters to build up in the brain. In some cases, particular foods seem to worsen symptoms of the condition. This condition affects males almost exclusively and is characterized by mild intellectual disability and behavioral problems, including aggressive and violent outbursts. Mutations in the MAOA gene cause monoamine oxidase A deficiency. The enzyme plays a role in the controlled self-destruction of cells (apoptosis), which is an important process in the development of many tissues and organs, including the brain. Monoamine oxidase A appears to be involved in normal brain development before birth. It seems to be particularly important in the breakdown of excess tyramine, which is found in cheese and other foods. Monoamine oxidase A also helps break down monoamines found in the diet. Dopamine transmits signals within the brain to produce smooth physical movements. Epinephrine and norepinephrine control the body's response to stress. ![]() Signals transmitted by serotonin regulate mood, emotion, sleep, and appetite. Specifically, monoamine oxidase A is involved in the breakdown of the neurotransmitters serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Neurotransmitters are broken down when signaling is no longer needed. Among the monoamines broken down by monoamine oxidase A are certain chemicals that act as neurotransmitters, which transmit signals between nerve cells in the brain. This enzyme is part of a family of enzymes that break down molecules called monoamines through a chemical reaction known as oxidation. The MAOA gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called monoamine oxidase A. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |